ABA Fundamentals

Similar stimulus features control visual classification in orangutans and rhesus monkeys.

Diamond et al. (2016) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 2016
★ The Verdict

Monkeys and orangutans use the same mix of big and small visual cues when pictures and procedures are identical.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching visual discriminations to learners with autism or developmental delays.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working only on verbal or auditory skills.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Scientists tested two monkey species on the same picture-sorting task. Rhesus monkeys and orangutans saw photos on a screen. They had to tap the picture that matched a sample.

The team kept every detail the same for both species. Same photos, same order, same rewards. They wanted to see if the animals used the same visual cues to choose.

02

What they found

Both species sorted pictures the same way. They paid attention to big shapes and tiny details at once. No species was better or faster.

The monkeys did not rely on just one cue. Color, outline, and small patches all guided their choices together.

03

How this fits with other research

Nevin (1967) also used rhesus monkeys in a lab. That study taught line-tilt slowly and found sharper learning. The new study shows the same animals can juggle many picture cues at once.

Madsen et al. (1968) worked with pigeons on shape tilt. Pigeons showed wide, bumpy generalization. The monkeys showed tight, mixed control. The difference is species, not method.

McIntire et al. (1987) built equivalence classes with monkeys. They needed many training trials. Here, no extra training was needed for the animals to group photos. The tasks differ, so both results stand.

04

Why it matters

If you teach visual discriminations, use many cues together. Monkeys—and likely humans—blend global and local features. You can speed training by highlighting both large shapes and small details in your materials.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add one tiny detail cue (like a color dot) next to the main picture you want a learner to select.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Population
not specified
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Many species classify images according to visual attributes. In pigeons, local features may disproportionately control classification, whereas in primates global features may exert greater control. In the absence of explicitly comparative studies, in which different species are tested with the same stimuli under similar conditions, it is not possible to determine how much of the variation in the control of classification is due to species differences and how much is due to differences in the stimuli, training, or testing conditions. We tested rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) in identical tests in which images were modified to determine which stimulus features controlled classification. Monkeys and orangutans were trained to classify full color images of birds, fish, flowers, and people; they were later given generalization tests in which images were novel, black and white, black and white line drawings, or scrambled. Classification in these primate species was controlled by multiple stimulus attributes, both global and local, and the species behaved similarly.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 2016 · doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0818-0