Promoting the development of verbal responses using instructive feedback
Toss a quick instructive feedback fact into mastered listener trials and watch untaught verbal answers appear.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Two boys with autism, ages 6 and 8, already could touch the correct picture when asked.
The team added a quick extra sentence after each mastered listener trial.
Example: while the child touched the state, the teacher said, “The capital is Nashville.”
They tracked whether the kids later said the capital name without any teaching.
What they found
Both boys soon spoke the new facts during play tests.
No direct naming trials were ever run; the facts just popped out.
The extra 2-second comment created brand-new verbal responses for free.
How this fits with other research
Tincani et al. (2020) warned that most SGD studies over-work the mand and ignore tacts and intraverbals. Frampton’s tactic gives you an easy way to grow those missing verbal operants without extra teaching time.
Frampton et al. (2024) later showed you can do the same trick while teaching mands: watch for an indicating response, then slip in instructive feedback like, “We need the red cup.” Together the two papers form a grab-and-go method for spontaneous language across operants.
Vladescu et al. (2021) found big sets slow tact learning. Frampton keeps the listener set small and simply tags bonus facts, proving you can dodge the set-size trap and still get emergent gains.
Why it matters
You already run listener trials every day. Tacking on one fun fact takes two seconds and can birth untaught intraverbals. No extra programs, no new materials. Try it with categories, verbs, or social questions. One sentence today could build a whole vocabulary tomorrow.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Shillingsburg, Frampton, Cleveland, and Cariveau (2018) taught listener and tact by feature, name-feature intraverbal, and feature-name intraverbal responses across sets and reported emergence of responses that were not directly trained for 6 individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study was a systematic replication with the addition of instructive feedback (IF) with 2 children diagnosed with ASD. During trials for previously mastered listener by name responses (e.g., "Point to Tennessee" and child selects a picture of Tennessee), the experimenters provided related IF (e.g., "The capital of this state is Nashville"). After 3 sessions, we evaluated the effects of IF on related verbal responses (e.g., listener by feature, tact by feature, name-feature intraverbal, and feature-name intraverbal) across sets probes. We observed increased correct responses for related verbal responses; replicating Shillingsburg et al. Results suggest that the inclusion of IF may increase the efficiency of verbal behavior programming.
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020 · doi:10.1002/jaba.659