ABA Fundamentals

Positive interaction (induction) in multiple variable-interval, differential-reinforcement-of-high-rate schedules.

Hemmes et al. (1972) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1972
★ The Verdict

Reinforcing high response rates in one task can unintentionally speed up responding in other tasks that share the same setting.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who run multiple programs per session or mix speed-based and fluency goals.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who work on single-response shaping or purely DRO-based plans.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers worked with five pigeons in a two-part schedule.

In Part A the birds pecked for food on a simple variable-interval (VI) schedule.

In Part B the same birds also pecked, but now only fast pecks earned food (DRH).

The team watched whether the VI pecking sped up after DRH was added.

02

What they found

Four out of five birds pecked faster in the unchanged VI part once DRH began.

The higher rate in VI stayed high as long as DRH stayed in place.

This spill-over is called positive induction: reinforcing speed in one place lifts speed in another.

03

How this fits with other research

Weisman (1970) looks like the opposite result. That study used DRO instead of DRH and saw response rates drop. The two papers seem to clash, but the key is what you reinforce. Reinforcing high rates (DRH) pushes rates up everywhere; reinforcing any other behavior (DRO) pulls rates down. Same logic, different lever.

Mosk et al. (1984) backs the finding with a new twist. They gave bigger grain piles for bigger response bursts and still saw overall rate rise, a conceptual echo of the 1972 induction effect.

Cooper (1997) stretches the idea further. By reinforcing simple key switches, birds produced more varied sequences without being told to. Again, reinforcing one dimension quietly reshapes another.

04

Why it matters

If you run two programs in one session, speeding up reinforcement in one can accidentally accelerate behavior in the other. Watch for this when you add a DRH or high-rate game to a child's day. If the untouched program suddenly gets livelier, induction may be at work. You can use it on purpose to boost low-rate skills, or guard against it when steady, slow responding is the goal.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Track response rate in your baseline program before and after you add a fast-paced DRH game; note any jump and adjust prompts or criteria accordingly.

02At a glance

Intervention
differential reinforcement
Design
single case other
Sample size
5
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The effect of increases in the rate of responding in one component of a multiple schedule upon the rate of responding in a second component was investigated. Pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule where both components were initially variable-interval schedules having the same parameter value. After rate of key pecking stabilized, one component was changed to a schedule that differentially reinforced high rates of responding. Rate of reinforcement in this varied component was adjusted to remain equal to rate of reinforcement in the constant (variable-interval) component. Four of five pigeons showed a maintained increase in rate of responding during both the constant and varied components, even though rates of reinforcement did not change.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1972 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1972.17-51