ABA Fundamentals

On the form of stimulus generalization curves for visual intensity.

Ernst et al. (1971) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1971
★ The Verdict

Test many stimulus values to reveal the real peak in generalization curves.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who probe stimulus control or write discrimination programs.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on social skills with no stimulus probes.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team tested how people spread their responses when lights got brighter or dimmer. They used many light levels, not just a few.

Each person worked alone in a quiet lab. They pressed a key when they saw the light they had learned meant "yes."

02

What they found

When the test covered a wide span of brightness, the response curve made a clear peak. The highest responding sat right at the trained light level.

If the range was too narrow, the peak was hidden. You need enough steps to see the true shape.

03

How this fits with other research

Derenne (2010) used faces instead of lights and still saw a peak shift. This shows the same rule works with real-world pictures.

Flapper et al. (2013) swapped people for rats and flash rate for brightness. The peaked curve showed up again, proving the effect crosses species and senses.

Fields et al. (2002) looked at sorting new pictures into groups. They also found that giving many examples during training helps later spread of responses, lining up with the "test wide" message.

04

Why it matters

Next time you probe stimulus control, slide the stimulus along a long ruler. Whether you work on matching coins, telling voices apart, or any discrimination task, sample at least five steps above and below the trained value. You will catch true peaks, avoid flat curves, and write better treatment goals.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add two brighter and two dimmer versions of your trained stimulus and record responding to each.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Sample size
12
Population
neurotypical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Twelve pigeons were given successive discrimination training involving variable-interval reinforcement for key pecking in the presence of one intensity of monochromatic light randomly alternated with extinction for pecking during another intensity. All of the pigeons were then tested in extinction for generalization along the intensity dimension, and all showed a displacement of maximal responding from the positive stimulus in the direction opposite the negative stimulus. For six of the pigeons, for which the test included only three values beyond the positive stimulus, four showed peaked gradients but two did not, showing monotonic gradients with maximal responding to the most extreme test value. For another six pigeons tested over a wider range, all showed peaked gradients. Thus, when a sufficiently wide range of test values is employed, generalization gradients for visual intensity have the same peaked form as do gradients for qualitative visual dimensions such as wavelength or line angle.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1971 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1971.16-177