ABA Fundamentals

Increasing social time allocation and concomitant effects on mands, item engagement, and rigid or repetitive behavior

Morris et al. (2022) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2022
★ The Verdict

Lead with the child’s favorite social game to turn avoidance into approach and cut stereotypy on the spot.

✓ Read this if BCBAs whose clients duck social interaction or show rigid repetitive behavior.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only on academic tasks with highly social learners.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Morris and team worked with three kids who avoided most social contact.

The adults first asked parents what games, songs, or silly voices each child already liked.

They then walked into the room and started that exact game without any demands.

Sessions were videotaped to see how long the child stayed near the adult and what else happened next.

02

What they found

Every child spent more time near the adult when the adult led with the favorite game.

When social time went up, the children asked for items more often and played with toys longer.

Rigid hand-flapping or rocking dropped at the same time.

The changes showed up right away and stayed while the favorite games kept coming.

03

How this fits with other research

Laugeson et al. (2014) got the same drop in stereotypy by reading aloud, but they used a generic story.

Morris adds the twist of picking the exact game each child already loves, a step Rakhymbayeva et al. (2021) also used with a robot.

Hake et al. (1983) showed that staff prompts plus toys cut stereotypy and lifted purposeful play.

Morris keeps the toy part optional; the social game itself becomes the reinforcer.

04

Why it matters

If a client walks away from you, try starting with five minutes of their favorite silly voice or song.

No demands, just the game.

Watch if they move closer, talk more, and flap less.

You can fold this warm-up into any program without extra materials or data sheets.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Ask the parent for one beloved game, start the next session with two minutes of it, and time how long the child stays within one foot of you.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Sample size
3
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Recent research has developed methods of assessing the function of generic, nonindividualized social interactions. The purpose of this type of assessment is to provide a measure of how an individual may respond to the types of interactions readily available in the natural environment. To date, no research has evaluated how the social time allocation of individuals for whom generic interactions are neutral or aversive could be improved. Moreover, no research has included additional dependent variables that may be functionally related to social time allocation. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of initiating preferred, individualized social interactions on the social time allocation of 3 participants for whom generic interactions functioned as neutral or aversive stimuli. The intervention increased social time allocation for all 3 participants. Next, we evaluated the relation between social time allocation and the occurrence of mands, item engagement, and rigid or repetitive behavior using the intervention data as well as secondary analyses of previously published datasets. The occurrence of mands and rigid or repetitive behaviors changed with improvements in social time allocation and were strongly correlated with social time allocation across participants. Implications for future research on, and the clinical use of, this type of assessment and intervention are discussed.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2022 · doi:10.1002/jaba.919