ABA Fundamentals

Increasing compliance with medical procedures: application of the high-probability request procedure to a toddler.

McComas et al. (1998) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1998
★ The Verdict

Three easy wins right before a hard medical request can turn a toddler's "no" into "okay."

✓ Read this if BCBAs who work with toddlers in clinics, homes, or any setting with scary procedures.
✗ Skip if Practitioners serving older learners whose compliance issues are already solved.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

One toddler had to get medical care. The child usually fought simple requests like "hold still."

The team tried the high-probability request sequence. They gave three to five easy instructions first. Then they asked the child to do the hard medical step.

They tracked how often the child followed each request.

02

What they found

The toddler said "yes" to the easy tasks almost every time.

After the quick wins, the child also obeyed the tough medical request more often.

03

How this fits with other research

Yuwiler et al. (1992) showed the same trick works for preschoolers with behavior disorders. Their gains even spread to new adults.

Hansen et al. (2019) later used the sequence to help a three-year-old with autism copy sounds. It moved the tool from medical rooms to skill building.

Fullana et al. (2007) looks like a clash. Only one of three preschoolers responded to the high-p sequence. The difference: they picked kids whose defiance was escape-based. When the function is escape, antecedent charm may fail and you may need extinction.

04

Why it matters

You can slide this quick warm-up into any tough moment. Run three tiny tasks the child already likes. Then give the hard direction.

Try it during blood draws, dental cleanings, or first-time haircuts. If it stalls, check why the child usually says no. Escape-maintained behavior may need a different plan.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one tough request today. Ask the child to do three tiny things she already loves, then immediately give the hard instruction and watch for compliance.

02At a glance

Intervention
prompting and fading
Design
single case other
Sample size
1
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The effects of high-probability (high-p) requests on compliance with low-probability (low-p) responses have received increased attention from applied investigators. This study examined the effects of a high-p procedure on a toddler's compliance with medical procedures. Compliance to low-p requests occurred more frequently following compliance to high-p requests, suggesting that this procedure may be useful across different topographies of compliance.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1998 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1998.31-287