ABA Fundamentals

Gerbils in space: performance on the 17-arm radial maze.

Wilkie et al. (1983) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1983
★ The Verdict

Bright cues placed right at the choice point cut navigation errors fast.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching travel or daily-living skills to learners with memory or ID challenges
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only on vocal or social targets with no spatial component

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers placed gerbils in a 17-arm radial maze. The animals had to visit each arm only once to get seeds.

They ran the test in the dark with only small lights inside the maze arms. The team then moved the room lights and added bright tape inside some arms to see if the gerbils still chose correctly.

02

What they found

The gerbils made fewer than 15 % errors after only a few days. They rarely re-entered an arm they had already visited.

Changing the room lights did not hurt their accuracy. Adding bright tape inside the arms made them even more accurate.

03

How this fits with other research

Brinker et al. (1975) showed monkeys can learn sound locations in total darkness. Like the gerbils, the animals did not need extra room cues to master a spatial task.

Perryman et al. (2013) found that people with intellectual disability often pick poor landmarks when learning a route. The gerbil study shows that simple, bright cues placed right at the choice point can boost accuracy for learners who struggle with spatial memory.

Together, the three papers say: put the cue exactly where the choice happens, and learning speeds up, no matter the species.

04

Why it matters

When you teach a client to navigate a new hallway, work site, or classroom, place a bright, unique marker right at the turn or doorway. The gerbil data say the cue can be as simple as colored tape. This cheap tweak cut errors in half for the gerbils and may do the same for your learners.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Put a neon sticker on the correct door frame and see if your client turns there without prompting.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Sample size
6
Population
other
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

In Experiment 1 six hungry gerbils received six trials per day on a 17-arm radial maze. During each trial the subjects were allowed to choose freely among the arms, each of which contained a food pellet, until each arm had been visited once or until eight minutes had elapsed. An error was recorded when the subject entered a previously visited arm. The gerbils quickly learned not to re-enter previously visited arms and generally made errors on fewer than 15% of entries, performance comparable to that of the rat and superior to that of other species tested in the radial arm maze. The intertrial-interval duration did not affect accuracy of arm choices during acquisition but did influence asymptotic accuracy. Accuracy did not change systematically over the six trials. A high proportion of arm entries were to nearby arms. Errors occurred most often towards the end of a trial. Odor cues were not important. When the number of trials per day was reduced from six to one, accuracy deteriorated slightly. In Experiment 2 neither the transposition of extramaze cues nor the placement of the maze in a different room had large disruptive effects on accuracy. In Experiment 3 the addition of three explicit intramaze brightness cues aided accuracy, perhaps by permitting the subjects to decompose the large maze into three smaller mazes, although there was no direct evidence that this was the case. Implications of a number of these results for models of spatial maze performance were discussed.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1983 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.40-301