ABA Fundamentals

Further evaluation of reinforcer magnitude effects in noncontingent schedules.

Ecott et al. (1999) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1999
★ The Verdict

Noncontingent schedules still quiet behavior, but reinforcer size does not change the effect.

✓ Read this if BCBAs using NCR in classrooms or clinics.
✗ Skip if Clinicians already thinning rich response-dependent reinforcers.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Matson et al. (1999) ran a reversal ABAB test. They asked if bigger reinforcers make noncontingent schedules work better.

Noncontingent schedules give free reinforcers on a fixed clock. The team kept the clock the same but changed the size of each free snack.

02

What they found

Free reinforcers still cut the response rate. That part held up.

But the size of the reinforcer did not matter. Big snack or small snack, the drop in responding looked the same.

03

How this fits with other research

Zimmerman (1969) saw that bigger food shortened the pause after each ratio. Jensen et al. (1973) saw bigger food drive contrast later in the session. Both used schedules that required a response.

Matson et al. (1999) used free, response-independent food. The old rule — bigger is better — vanished when the learner did not have to work.

Hatton et al. (1999) ran the same year. They showed richer food during treatment cuts later recovery after extinction. Together the two 1999 papers say magnitude matters after extinction, but not during pure noncontingent delivery.

04

Why it matters

You can still use noncontingent reinforcement to mute problem behavior, but do not burn budget on giant reinforcers. A small, cheap item works just as well when the schedule is free and time-based. Save the big stuff for contingency-based programs where magnitude still talks.

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Swap your large edible for a small one in the NCR timer and watch the data stay flat.

02At a glance

Intervention
noncontingent reinforcement
Design
reversal abab
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

We closely replicated the procedures of a previous study that showed a positive relationship between reinforcer magnitude and the response-rate-reducing effects of noncontingent schedules (NCS). NCS reduced response rates, as expected, but the NCS-magnitude effect was not reproduced, illuminating possible weaknesses of current arbitrary-response procedures and suggesting avenues for future research.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1999 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1999.32-529