Dynamic equilibrium on a cyclic-interval schedule with a ramp.
Response rates climb in a straight line when reinforcement odds rise the same way.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Five adult humans sat at a computer key.
Every press could pay money, but the chance rose in a steady ramp inside short cycles.
The team watched if finger speed would climb along with the rising payoff odds.
What they found
Four people pressed faster in perfect step with the climbing rate.
One person showed the same climb, only a little late.
The neat match says humans act like simple amplifiers: more payoff odds per minute equals more taps per minute.
How this fits with other research
Lattal (1974) first drew the power curve for pigeons on multiple schedules; J et al. now show the same math works when the rate keeps moving inside a cycle.
Wilkinson et al. (1998) found people care most about overall density, not tiny delays. The ramp result backs that view—response rate rode the density wave, not the single-reinforcer timing.
Schmitt (2000) paid adults in a game and saw effort rise with payoff share. The ramp paper tightens the rule: even when the climb is smooth and sure, the line stays straight.
Why it matters
If you want steady skill growth, shape denser reinforcement bit by bit. The learner’s output will rise right with it, no extra instructions needed. Try fading token payoff, faster praise, or shorter check-ins in a smooth ramp and watch the behavior follow.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Five human subjects pressed a panel for money on a cyclic-interval schedule that arranged recurring periods of linearly increasing reinforcement rates (ramps). Response rate versus time functions for all subjects showed recurring periods of linearly increasing response rates. The responding of four of the five subjects was in phase with the reinforcement input. The remaining subject showed a two-minute phase shift. These results suggest that organisms may act like simple amplifiers on cyclic-interval schedules, that is, the form of the input signal is not changed by the organism, but is returned with amplification. By analogy with the variable-interval case, the controlling variable on cyclic-interval schedules with rate ramps may be the constant reinforcement acceleration that is arranged by the schedule.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1981 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1981.36-9