Assessment & Research

Assisted reproductive technology and risk for autism spectrum disorder.

Zachor et al. (2011) · Research in developmental disabilities 2011
★ The Verdict

Kids conceived with ART make up a bigger slice of the autism pie in Israel, but they present the same clinical picture as other cases.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who take intake histories or plan early-screening protocols in clinic or early-intervention settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians only working with adopted or exclusively foster-care populations.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team pulled Israeli health records for kids with autism. They counted how many were conceived with assisted reproductive tech like IVF.

They compared that rate to the whole Israeli newborn pool. No lab work or parent interviews were done.

02

What they found

About 1 in 10 kids with autism had ART conception. That is triple the national rate of 3 percent.

Once diagnosed, the ART kids looked like any other autism case. No special symptom cluster showed up.

03

How this fits with other research

Bigham et al. (2013) saw no extra autism risk from infertility in US records. The clash disappears when you note they tracked infertility history, not actual ART use, and only in single births.

Davidovitch et al. (2013) later gave Israel a clean 0.48 percent autism baseline. That number helps you see how sharp the 10.7 percent ART slice really is.

Dinstein et al. (2024) now show Israeli autism rates doubled since 2017. The ART link still stands, but the whole pie is growing fast.

04

Why it matters

You cannot change how a child was conceived, so the finding is not a treatment road map. It is a red flag for early screening. When intake shows IVF or other ART, stay alert for early signs and consider a shorter assessment wait list. Share the fact that their autism profile will look typical, so parents know what to expect from therapy.

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Flag ART history on intake forms and move those clients up the assessment queue if social-communication red flags appear.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
624
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Epidemiologic studies on maternal and pregnancy risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), found conflicting results. This study included the following aims: to assess frequencies of ART in a large ASD group; to examine confounding birth and familial risk factors in the ASD with ART group; to examine possible relationships between ART and autism severity, adaptive skills and developmental trajectory. The study included 624 participants, 507 diagnosed with ASD. Autism severity and adaptive skills were assessed using standardized tests. Extensive medical, familial and developmental histories were obtained. The rate of ART in the ASD group was significantly higher (10.7%) than in a large Israeli population (3.06%). Parental age's distribution did not differ in both ASD groups, with and without ART. Although maternal age was more advanced in the ASD group, the frequency of ART in young mothers (<29 years) was still significantly high (8.7%). The frequencies of gestational age <36 weeks and low birth weight (<2500 g) in the ASD with ART singleton group and in the Israeli population were not significantly different. None of the ASD with ART group and 14.7% in the ASD without ART group had a relative with ASD. Autism severity, adaptive skills and developmental regression were not significantly different in the ASD with and without ART groups. This pilot study points to the role of assisted conception as a risk factor for ASD. However, this group of ASD with ART does not represent a separate clinical phenotype in ASD.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2011 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.007