ABA Fundamentals

Dialogue on private events.

Palmer et al. (2004) · The Analysis of verbal behavior 2004
★ The Verdict

Private events are still a battlefield—use them only when you can trace them back to something observable.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who write behavior plans that mention thoughts, feelings, or self-talk.
✗ Skip if RBTs looking for step-by-step skill programs; this is pure theory.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Four well-known behavior analysts sat down to talk. They argued about private events—thoughts, feelings, and sensations that only the person can notice.

The talk was printed as a round-table. No new data were collected; the goal was to settle what private events mean in ABA.

02

What they found

The group split into two camps. One side said private events are just more behavior and can shape outward actions. The other side said they are body events or simply stories we tell when we cannot see the real causes.

No side won. The paper ends with the field still divided on whether to treat thoughts as behavior, biology, or explanatory filler.

03

How this fits with other research

Parrott (1984) had already claimed private events matter only when you can link them to past public contingencies. The 2004 dialogue keeps that same fight alive, showing the issue is still hot twenty years later.

Hoffmann et al. (2016) move past the talk and give you a tool. They say when standard ABA cannot reach private events, add ACT. The debate becomes a how-to guide instead of just words.

Galbicka et al. (1981) widened ABA by adding "setting events." Hatton et al. (2004) try to widen it again with "private events." Both papers stretch the science without new data, just clearer concepts.

04

Why it matters

You will hear team members say, "He hit because he was frustrated." This paper reminds you to ask, "What does frustrated mean and where can I see it?" If you can tie the feeling to a past public event, keep it. If not, drop it or test it with ACT tools. The dialogue gives you permission to stay practical and keep language tied to things you can count.

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When you write a hypothesis, swap every private word (angry, anxious) for the public cue that may have created it.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

In the fall of 2003, the authors corresponded on the topic of private events on the listserv of the Verbal Behavior Special Interest Group. Extracts from that correspondence raised questions about the role of response amplitude in determining units of analysis, whether private events can be investigated directly, and whether covert behavior differs from other behavior except in amplitude. Most participants took a cautious stance, noting not only conceptual pitfalls and empirical difficulties in the study of private events, but doubting the value of interpretive exercises about them. Others argued that despite such obstacles, in domains where experimental analyses cannot be done, interpretation of private events in the light of laboratory principles is the best that science can offer. One participant suggested that the notion that private events can be behavioral in nature be abandoned entirely; as an alternative, the phenomena should be reinterpreted only as physiological events.

The Analysis of verbal behavior, 2004 · doi:10.1007/BF03392998