Toolkit to Support Teachers’ Use of Behavioral Classroom Interventions: Results from a Randomized Pilot Trial
A ready-to-use PBIS toolkit lifted teacher fidelity fast, but student gains still need built-in maintenance to stick.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Lawson et al. (2025) built a grab-and-go toolkit for K-the teachers. It bundles Tier 1 and Tier 2 PBIS moves like precorrection, behavior-specific praise, and quick FBA forms.
Twenty-one teachers were picked at random to get the PBMT pack. The team watched how well teachers used it and tracked kids with ADHD or other externalizing behaviors.
What they found
Teachers said the toolkit was easy and useful. Their fidelity scores rose after training and stayed up at nine-week check-ins.
Kids' behavior charts, however, told a mixed story. Some improved, some stayed the same. The sample was small, so the authors call it a promising pilot, not proof.
How this fits with other research
Foti et al. (2015) first argued that school-wide PBIS is simply ABA at scale. Lawson gives teachers the actual tools to make that claim real in one classroom.
Kok et al. (2026) looked at 270 single-case studies and found that classroom interventions cut externalizing behaviors during treatment, yet gains faded once sessions stopped. PBMT's mixed student data line up with that warning: teacher skill is only half the battle; maintenance plans are still missing.
Mammarella et al. (2022) scouted 55 function-based intervention studies and saw most lacked ecological validity. Lawson flips the script by designing procedures inside real classrooms from day one, showing how to close that gap.
Why it matters
You now have a free, modular kit that boosts teacher fidelity without long workshops. Pair it with simple maintenance prompts—like weekly two-minute self-checks—to stop the fade-out Kok spotted. Start with one class, track fidelity first, then add student data once teachers hit a large share for two weeks.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Teacher-delivered Tier 1 (i.e., whole class) and Tier 2 (i.e., targeted) behavioral classroom interventions are effective in improving student academic and behavioral functioning, but often not delivered as recommended. Implementation strategies, especially strategies that are both feasible and effective, could support teachers in the delivery of these interventions. This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary evidence of effectiveness of the Positive Behavior Management Toolkit (PBMT) in supporting teacher implementation and student outcomes. The PBMT is a modular implementation resource package to support K-5 teachers in delivering Tier 1 and Tier 2 behavioral interventions. Twenty teachers were randomized to receive either the PBMT or implementation support as usual. Quantitative and qualitative results suggested that the PBMT was highly acceptable, feasible and contextually appropriate. We also collected data on teacher fidelity to behavioral interventions and student outcomes for enrolled focal students with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at baseline and post-intervention. Although the pilot study was underpowered to conduct significance testing, the results suggested the PMBT may be effective in supporting teacher implementation outcomes and were mixed regarding student outcomes.
School psychology review, 2025 · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2025.2574835