Practitioner Development

Training psychologists for cognitive-behavioral therapy in the raw world: a rubric for supervisors.

Friedberg et al. (2009) · Behavior modification 2009
★ The Verdict

Run every supervision session through six lenses—case plan, immediacy, emotion, openness, culture, technique—to turn gut-feel feedback into laser-sharp coaching.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who supervise students, RBTs, or frontline staff in any setting.
✗ Skip if Practitioners with no supervisory duties.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Casey et al. (2009) wrote a how-to paper for CBT supervisors.

They list six skills to watch while you watch trainees: case plan, in-the-moment talk, handling tough feelings, open mind, culture fit, and clean technique.

The paper is a map, not a study—no numbers, just the rubric.

02

What they found

The team says using the six-point checklist keeps training tight and clear.

It turns vague “watch and comment” into concrete “score and coach.”

03

How this fits with other research

Gray et al. (2026) took the same idea online. Their web BST module hit 90% fidelity for most students, showing the rubric can live on a screen.

Whiteside et al. (2022) stretched it into child anxiety work. A 90-minute tech boost made community therapists feel ready, but they barely used the tech—proof that rubrics need follow-up, not just a click.

Andzik et al. (2020) built a pyramid: train teachers with BST, then let them train others. The rubric’s spirit scales when each layer uses the same six moves.

Maguire et al. (2022) added OBM and remote coaching during COVID. Staff hit 100% safety steps for a month, showing the rubric plus feedback beats rubric alone.

04

Why it matters

You now have a six-item cheat-sheet for supervision. Use it to rate RBTs during role-play or BCBA trainees on case talks. Pair it with brief Zoom feedback like Gray et al. or add OBM charts like Maguire et al. to lock skills in. One clear list keeps your coaching consistent, fast, and scalable.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Print the six rubric items on a sticky note, score your next trainee for two minutes, then give one bite-size prompt.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Empirically supported treatments (EST) hold much promise in relieving psychological distress and dysfunction. However, various obstacles to effective training and clinical practice have truncated dissemination efforts. One such obstacle is the perceived applicability of EST procedures to raw world clinical practice. This article proposes a rubric for supervision that emphasizes case conceptualization, the use of immediacy in session, tolerating negative affect, harvesting open attitudes, cultural responsiveness, and technical proficiency. Several specific training strategies and supervisory processes are recommended.

Behavior modification, 2009 · doi:10.1177/0145445508322609