Practitioner Development

Behavior analysis and the R&D paradigm.

Johnston (2000) · The Behavior analyst 2000
★ The Verdict

Treat your caseload like a living lab—define the user’s top problem, test fast, and pass the win to the next clinician.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who want their interventions used next week, not next decade.
✗ Skip if Researchers who only publish for tenure and never plan to leave the university.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The author asked a simple question: why do great behavior-analytic ideas sit on shelves for years? He sketched a new game plan called the R&D paradigm. The plan has three parts: pick outcomes that real users care about, test ideas with a mixed team, and pass the winners to everyday settings fast.

02

What they found

The paper is a map, not a scoreboard. It says our field should act like a tech company. Define the customer first, run quick pilots, and scale only what works. The goal is to cut the lag between lab discovery and classroom or clinic use.

03

How this fits with other research

Normand et al. (2021) extend the same logic to public health. They keep the user-first mindset but aim at whole towns instead of single clients.

Napolitano et al. (2025) take the idea further and tell BCBAs to step into policy meetings. They turn the R&D loop outward: test, then lobby for system-level adoption.

Joyce et al. (1988) beat everyone to the punch. They already urged analysts to give data to lawmakers, but without the tidy R&D frame. The 2000 paper simply adds clearer steps.

04

Why it matters

If you run sessions, supervise, or train staff, you are the R&D lab. Pick one skill your teachers or parents actually want this month. Measure it for two weeks, tweak, and share the graph at the next team meeting. That tiny loop is the R&D spirit in action.

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02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

This paper considers research and development (R&D) as a style of investigation that holds promise for the field of behavior analysis. Contrasted with academic-style research, R&D tends to be highly targeted toward achievement of specific outcomes, which are determined by a user community. R&D is typically multidisciplinary in character and is coordinated by a funding source. R&D usually includes extensive field testing and systematically addresses technology transfer. A program of R&D focused on detector dogs serves as an exemplar of this approach for behavior analysis.

The Behavior analyst, 2000 · doi:10.1007/BF03392007