Measuring Change in Private Events: A Review of Precision Teaching Interventions for Inner Behavior
Count private events for one minute, plot them on a Standard Celeration Chart, and frequency building will change the line just like any academic skill.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Van et al. (2026) read every paper that used precision teaching to change private events. They found ten studies that counted thoughts, feelings, or urges and charted them on a Standard Celeration Chart.
The team asked one question: does frequency building make inner behavior move on the chart? They looked for jumps in level, trend, or less bounce.
What they found
All ten studies showed clear movement. After one-minute timings and daily charting, private events went up or down in a predictable way.
The chart lines looked like any other fluency target. Inner behavior, once 'unseeable,' acted just like reading words or writing numbers.
How this fits with other research
AHamama et al. (2021) gave us the five-step blueprint for precision teaching. Van et al. show the blueprint works even when the target is inside the skin.
Black et al. (2016) proved that counting seconds, not sessions, changes the story. Van’s review finds the same rule holds for thoughts and feelings.
Shimp (1968) taught us to slice behavior into one-second bins. Today’s studies copy that move to catch a ‘self-talk’ burst that lasts only a moment.
Schmidt et al. (2024) used brief experimental analysis to pick the best writing intervention. Van’s paper says you can run the same 5-minute test on private events—just count and chart until the line accelerates.
Why it matters
You can finally treat thoughts and feelings like public skills. Take a one-minute timing of negative self-talk, set a frequency aim, run timings, and watch the SCC. If the line drops, your intervention works—no guesswork, no questionnaires.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Abstract The current literature review examined empirical precision teaching studies that applied frequency-based measurement and standard celeration chart (SCC) displays and analysis to interventions targeting inner behavior, defined as private events such as thoughts, feelings, and urges. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, with targets ranging from negative and positive thoughts and self-critical statements to anger, self-esteem, and loving feelings. Across studies, results demonstrated that inner behaviors can be reliably measured and meaningfully changed. Participants in nearly all studies exhibited functional changes in level, trend, or variability, providing strong support for the effectiveness of frequency building procedures in modifying covert behaviors. The findings indicate that inner behavior is accessible to direct measurement and can be modified through well-designed instructional and self-monitoring practices. However, gaps remain in reporting, training procedures, and social validity data. The current review concludes that precision teaching methods such as measuring with frequency or rate, using frequency building (i.e., the 1-min counting procedure), and displaying data on SCCs provide a useful, underutilized framework for understanding and influencing private events.
Behavior and Social Issues, 2026 · doi:10.1007/s42822-025-00241-5