Research Cluster

Health Screening for Adults With ID

This cluster shows that adults with intellectual disability get sick and die earlier than other people. It lists the big problems—bad eyes, ears, bellies, hearts, lungs, and memory—and tells you who to check first. A BCBA can use these facts to add quick health checks into behavior plans and help clients stay alive and feel better.

239articles
1988–2026year range
5key findings
Key Findings

What 239 articles tell us

  1. Adults with intellectual disability have twice the risk of type 2 diabetes compared to the general population, supporting early and routine metabolic screening.
  2. Shorter, poorer sleep is reliably associated with intellectual disability, especially in genetic syndromes, and should be screened routinely.
  3. Constipation hospitalizations are overrepresented in adults with moderate-to-profound ID, especially those with epilepsy and antiseizure medications.
  4. Most fractures in adults with ID/ASD are low-energy extremity injuries from falls or transfers, making these activities the primary focus for prevention.
  5. Having an intellectual or neurogenetic disorder independently doubles to quadruples COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality risk, even after accounting for other health conditions.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from BCBAs and RBTs

Multiple factors contribute, including higher rates of chronic disease, barriers to health screening, communication difficulties that delay diagnosis, and inadequate primary care adapted to their needs.

Yes, commonly. Pain from constipation, a urinary tract infection, dental problems, or sleep deprivation can all trigger behavior increases in clients who cannot easily communicate discomfort. Always rule out medical causes before assuming a behavioral function.

Very common. Research consistently shows shorter and poorer quality sleep in people with ID, with the highest rates in people with genetic syndromes. Screen routinely and include sleep quality in your intake questions.

You should be aware of whether these have been screened recently and flag gaps to the medical team. Ocular disorders are significantly more common in institutionalized adults with ID, especially those with Down syndrome or cerebral palsy.

Adults with ID fracture primarily during low-energy activities like transfers and simple falls, not high-impact events. This means everyday transitions — transfers from wheelchairs, getting in and out of vehicles — are the primary risk moments to address.