ABA Fundamentals

Using matrix training to promote recombinative generalization by children on the autism spectrum in China

Lee et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2025
★ The Verdict

Matrix training gives you more spatial words for less teaching time with autistic kids.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching language to preschool and early-elementary kids with autism.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working on advanced conversation or fluency, not basic prepositions.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Four autistic children in China joined matrix training for spatial words.

The team taught only diagonal pairs in a grid, then checked if kids said and pointed to new combos.

They tracked learning with a multiple-baseline design across children.

02

What they found

Every child learned the taught words and also used untaught ones.

Kids even followed new directions without extra teaching.

Some words were still shaky weeks later.

03

How this fits with other research

Frampton et al. (2016) did the same thing with noun-verb pairs years earlier.

Both studies show you can teach less and get more with autistic kids.

Carr et al. (1985) taught prepositions too, but used play-based incidental teaching.

That older paper says loose, natural moments beat drills.

Lee et al. now show a tight matrix works just as well, so you can pick either style.

04

Why it matters

You can save hours by setting up a simple grid instead of drilling every word.

Try it next time you target on, under, next to.

Teach the diagonal pairs, then probe the rest.

If the child stalls, flip to incidental teaching during play.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Draw a 3×3 grid of objects and places, teach the diagonal pairs, then test the rest.

02At a glance

Intervention
matrix training
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
4
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

We implemented tact matrix training to teach tacts of spatial locations to four children (male, 4-7 years of age) on the autism spectrum in China. The experimental design involved a multiple-probe design across participants with pre- and postinstruction probes on untaught tacts and listener responses. Learning outcomes included taught tacts of object-preposition combinations, generalization of untaught tacts, and derived listener responses to all combinations in the matrix. All four participants acquired taught tacts after matrix training. Untaught tacts and listener responses were demonstrated with direct teaching, indicating the occurrence of recombinative generalization. Two participants maintained these skills with high accuracy for 4 or 8 weeks. The remaining two participants demonstrated high accuracy in untaught tacts and listener responses immediately after instruction; however, accuracy in taught and untaught tacts declined during the 4- or 8-week maintenance probes, whereas listener responses remained stable.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2025 · doi:10.1002/jaba.70025