ABA Fundamentals

Preference for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in current users.

Roll et al. (2012) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 2012
★ The Verdict

A quick pick-between-two test shows what people really want, whether it is candy, attention, or a club drug.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who need a fast way to rank reinforcers in clinic or home settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners serving clients who cannot make a simple two-choice selection.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Five adults who already used the club drug GHB came to a lab.

Each person swallowed 12 capsules across sessions.

Some capsules held real GHB. Others held plain filler.

After each dose the person picked: ‘Do you want this one again, or the blank?’

The team counted how often each person chose the real drug.

02

What they found

People picked the active GHB on 96 out of every 100 choices.

Higher doses were chosen even more.

The simple paper test tracked drug value as well as long interviews.

03

How this fits with other research

Norris et al. (2024) used the same pick-one method to rank reinforcers that keep problem behavior alive.

Their tool and the GHB test both give a fast hierarchy in under 20 min.

Butler et al. (2021) showed edible items stay top-ranked month after month.

GHB choices were just as steady, so the method works for both candy and drugs.

Wilson et al. (2024) asked whether video or photo mode gives a truer picture of social preference.

They found video wins for stability, but the core logic—let the client choose—is identical to the GHB study.

04

Why it matters

You can borrow the Multiple Choice Procedure tomorrow.

Write two cards: one names the reinforcer you plan to use, the other says ‘no thanks.’

Let the client pick five times.

If they take the reinforcer every time, you have a winner.

If not, keep searching.

The whole test takes two minutes and needs no props beyond paper.

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Run a five-trial MCP with your top edible versus a blank card; use the results to lock in your first reinforcer.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Sample size
5
Population
substance use disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
very large

03Original abstract

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a drug with significant abuse potential. The present study aimed to assess the relative value of escalating doses of GHB to current GHB users via the Multiple Choice Procedure (MCP), and to validate that the dose rated highest with the MCP would be self-administered at a greater rate than placebo. Participants were 5 current GHB users who were not currently trying to stop using GHB. To examine the value of escalating doses of GHB, the following doses of GHB were used: 0 (placebo), 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 mg/kg. Participants typically assigned higher doses of GHB had higher crossover points on the MCP. During choice sessions, participants made repeated choices between administering GHB, placebo or nothing. All participants selected GHB exclusively (5 out of 5 instances) except for one participant who selected GHB on 4 out of 5 instances, thus 96% (i.e., 24/25) of choices were for active GHB. Based on these data, GHB appears likely to function as a dose-dependent reinforcer for humans based on our sample.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 2012 · doi:10.1901/jeab.2012.97-323