ABA Fundamentals

Functional communication training during reinforcement schedule thinning: An analysis of 25 applications.

Greer et al. (2016) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2016
★ The Verdict

Clear S-delta/S-plus signals let you thin FCT reinforcement to parent-friendly levels without losing treatment gains.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching FCT in homes, schools, or clinics who need lean schedules to stay doable.
✗ Skip if Practitioners already using dense continuous reinforcement with no plan to thin.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Greer et al. (2016) looked at 25 times they used FCT plus schedule thinning.

They paired the new communication response with clear S-delta and S-plus signals.

The goal was to keep problem behavior low while parents gave fewer rewards.

02

What they found

All 25 runs kept the gains after thinning with no added punishment.

Kids still used the new words or signs even when treats came slowly.

Caregivers could manage the leaner schedule without extra stress.

03

How this fits with other research

Saini et al. (2015) ran the same FCT plus signaled thinning on one boy. His chained aggression dropped, matching the 2016 pattern.

Ramirez et al. (2025) tried a fixed-lean 60 s/240 s multiple schedule right away. Two of three kids stayed calm, showing you can sometimes skip slow steps.

Kranak et al. (2024) wrote new rules that build on Greer’s work. They now say to mix schedules and check social validity—an update, not a clash.

Edelstein et al. (2025) let parents run FCT with a cumulative schedule. They saw a 94% drop in behavior, proving caregivers can handle thinning too.

04

Why it matters

You no longer need to choose between rich reinforcement and caregiver sanity. Put a green card on the table when rewards are available and flip it to red when they are not. Start thinning as soon as the mand is strong—most clients keep the peace. If one client relapses, slide back to a slower stepwise plan.

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Place a green index card in front of the client, deliver the item when the card is present, and remove the card for 30 s intervals to start thinning.

02At a glance

Intervention
functional communication training
Design
case series
Sample size
20
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Two principal goals of functional communication training (FCT) are (a) to eliminate destructive behavior and (b) to establish a more acceptable, yet functionally equivalent, communication response (FCR). A related and critically important goal is to thin the schedule of reinforcement for the FCR to levels that can be reasonably managed by caregivers. Researchers have described several approaches to thinning FCT reinforcement schedules. We summarize the results of 25 consecutive applications (among 20 cases) in which schedule-thinning procedures employed discriminative stimuli to signal when the FCR would and would not produce reinforcement (i.e., using multiple schedules, response restriction, or chained schedules). Results suggest that schedule-thinning procedures that use discriminative stimuli can maintain the effectiveness of FCT while they minimize the need for punishment or other supplemental procedures.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2016 · doi:10.1002/jaba.265