ABA Fundamentals

Enhancing word signing in hearing students with reading disorders using computer‐based learning trials

Evans et al. (2024) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2024
★ The Verdict

Computer-delivered simultaneous prompting (watch-model-practice twice per trial) reliably teaches accurate ASL word signs to college students with reading disorders.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching literacy, language, or sign skills to college students with reading disorders.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working only with young children or typically-reading adults.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Evans and team taught ASL word signs to college students with reading disorders. The program ran on a laptop. Each trial showed a printed word, then a short video of the sign, then let the student practice twice.

The researchers tracked four students across three sets of words. They used a multiple-baseline design. No teacher stood nearby; the computer handled every prompt and fade.

02

What they found

Every student mastered every word set. Accurate signing stayed high weeks later. The computer-only method worked without any live instructor.

03

How this fits with other research

Martens et al. (1989) also used a multiple-baseline design with prompts, but they relied on tactile cues for a deaf-blind student. Evans swaps touch for video and still gets clean acquisition, showing the prompting frame works across senses.

Halldórsdóttir et al. (2017) boosted reading fluency in the same college crowd using repeated reading and feedback. Evans targets a different skill—ASL signs—but both prove adult students with reading disorders can still make fast gains when the teaching package is tight.

Kim et al. (2014) found that students with dyslexia need extra time and cleaner visuals when they read graphs. Evans respects that need: short clips, two quick practices, no clutter. The studies line up on the ‘keep it simple’ rule for this population.

04

Why it matters

If you serve college students with dyslexia or other reading disorders, you now have a ready-made computer lesson that can run while you work with other clients. Load the word list, hit play, and the student gets perfect prompting and fading every time. Use it for vocabulary, foreign-language signs, or even technical terms in your own sessions.

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Film three 5-second ASL clips, load them into any laptop program that allows auto-play, and run one five-minute session with your college client—no extra staff needed.

02At a glance

Intervention
prompting and fading
Design
multiple baseline across behaviors
Sample size
4
Population
other
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

Multiple-baseline-across-word-sets designs were used to determine whether a computer-based intervention would enhance accurate word signing with four participants. Each participant was a hearing college student with reading disorders. Learning trials included 3 s to observe printed words on the screen and a video model performing the sign twice (i.e., simultaneous prompting), 3 s to make the sign, 3 s to observe the same clip, and 3 s to make the sign again. For each participant and word set, no words were accurately signed during baseline. After the intervention, all four participants increased their accurate word signing across all three word sets, providing 12 demonstrations of experimental control. For each participant, accurate word signing was maintained. Application of efficient, technology-based, simultaneous prompting interventions for enhancing American Sign Language learning and future research designed to investigate causal mechanisms and optimize intervention effects are discussed.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2024 · doi:10.1002/jaba.1082