ABA Fundamentals

An evaluation of progressively increasing intertrial intervals on the acquisition and generalization of three social skills.

Francisco et al. (2012) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2012
★ The Verdict

Lengthen the pause between trials bit by bit to turn prompted social responses into independent, generalized skills.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching preschool social skills in clinic or home DTT programs.
✗ Skip if Practitioners using only naturalistic or peer-mediated methods.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two preschoolers learned three social skills in a small-room DTT format.

The teacher started with a two-second pause between trials.

Every few sessions she added one second until the pause reached ten seconds.

A second phase kept the pause at two seconds to see if timing mattered.

02

What they found

The kids used the skills on their own only when the pauses slowly grew longer.

When the pause stayed short the skills never showed up without help.

The longer-pause skills also appeared with new adults and in new rooms.

03

How this fits with other research

Ferguson et al. (2022) updated this idea. They showed that a full progressive DTT package beats equivalence-based teaching for speed and kid preference.

Francis et al. (2020) used a different fade—progressive time delay—and also got strong learning with preschoolers who had disabilities. Their generalization was mixed, just like T et al.

Macdonald et al. (1973) ran the first lab tests on pauses. Pigeons needed any non-zero pause to learn matching. T et al. moved the same parametric rule into child social-skills teaching.

04

Why it matters

If you run DTT for social skills, do not lock the intertrial interval. Start quick, then stretch the pause each day. The tiny change lets kids practice thinking on their own and helps the skill travel to new people and places.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add one second to your current intertrial interval every other session until you hit ten seconds, then probe for independent responding.

02At a glance

Intervention
discrete trial training
Design
single case other
Sample size
2
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

We evaluated the effects of different intertrial intervals (ITIs; time between programmed learning opportunities) on the acquisition and generalization of 2 preschoolers' social skills. Independent and generalized skills were observed only when the daily ITI was gradually increased from short to progressively longer intervals.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2012 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2012.45-137